Cardiovascular changes including elevated heart rate, decreased cardiac output, orthostatic and autonomic dysfunction, venous stasis and thrombosis.
Respiratory changes include reduced lung capacity.
Musculoskeletal problems of reduced strength, endurance, lactose tolerance, risks of contractures and heterotrophic ossification of individuals with CNS or spinal damage.
Metabolic risks including negative nitrogen or calcium imbalances, carbohydrate intolerance and insulin resistance.
Urinary stasis, incontinence and stones.
Gastrointestinal effects include decreased appetite, reduced peristalsis/constipation, malnutrition and hypoprteinemia.
Integument systems risks of pressure ulcers (hygiene, shear, edema, reduced capillary flow to the compressed area).
Nervous system changes such as sensory deprivation, anxiety and depression.
11651 W. 64th Ave, Ste. A-5, Arvada, Colorado 80004-4321